Nano Surface‐Heterogeneities of Particles Modulate the Macroscopic Properties of Hydrogels

Nanoparticles, when incorporated into polymer matrices, can improve the intrinsic properties of composite materials. These materials possess fascinating and find widespread applications in bioengineering, medicine, aerospace, electronics. However, impact nanoparticle surface heterostructures on systems is not fully understood. To bridge this gap, hydrogels (HRCs) are developed using rough-surfaced raspberry-like colloidal (RC) particles. It hypothesized that roughness nanoparticles significantly affect their adsorption, motion, interfacial forces interacting with polymeric networks, thereby influencing macroscopic HRCs. The HRCs compared those containing smooth-surfaced particles (HSCs) to isolate effect roughness. results show nano-surface heterogeneities dictate HRC hydrogels. found exhibit much greater mechanical adhesive HSCs control hydrogel without nanoparticles. As identified by relaxation behavior, enhanced frictional drag interstitial fluid due roughness, combined strong interaction network components dynamically linked RC particles, responsible for these improvements. findings guide design fabrication new nanocomposites, including hydrogels, various applications.